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Indian Ocean

General (Indian Ocean Map):
The average depth of the Indian Ocean is 12,760 feet (3890 meters). The deepest point is in the Sunda Deep of the Java Trench off Java's southern coast, and has a depth of 24,442 feet (7450 meters).

Indian Ocean Nations - Geography:
The African mainland countries bordering the Indian Ocean are South Africa, Mozambique, Tanzania, Kenya, Somalia, Djibouti, Eritea, Sudan, and Egypt. The Middle Eastern mainland countries bordering the ocean are Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, Iran, and Pakistan. The Far Eastern mainland countries bordering the ocean are India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, and Malaysia. Many islands as well.

Geology:
The Indian Ocean was formed about 150 million years ago, which the southern supercontinent of Gondwana, or Gondwanaland broke up. About 125 million years ago, the Indian subcontinent broke off Gondwana and began colliding with Eurasia about 50 million years ago. About 53 million years ago, Australia separated from Antarctica. Finally, about 36 million years ago, the Indian Ocean took on its current configuration. Most of the basin features are less than 80 million years old.

The Indian Ocean contains seamounts, conical extinct submarine volcanoes, often with flat tops, which rise to heights of at least 3300 feet above the ocean floor.

Climate:
The Indian Ocean is divided into four climatic zones. The monsoon zone is the northernmost zone, extending north from 10 degrees S and is characterized by southwesterly monsoons which typically occur from May to October (the southern winter). The trade-winds zone extends from 10 to 30 degrees S and is characterized by southeasterly winds which occur all year but are strongest during the winter. Further to the south, between 30 and 45 degrees S, lies the subtropical and temperate zone, characterized by southerly winds which light to the north and become stronger to the south. The fourth zone is the subantarctic and Antarctic zone, which extends south from 45 degrees S. This zone is characterized by strong westerly winds and heavy precipitation, with snow to the south.

Societal Impact: India is a very traditional and religious country and the Indian Ocean. It has been the hotbed of a lot of political activism... The Indian Ocean has been featured in the movie Gandhi where Indians made their own salt.

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